Manuel Elkin Patarroyo: A Pioneer in the Fight Against Malaria

Early Life and Education
Manuel Elkin Patarroyo Murillo (Ataco, Tolima, Colombia, November 3, 1946 - Bogotá, January 9, 2025) was a Colombian immunologist and pathologist renowned for developing the first synthetic vaccine against malaria.

Patarroyo earned his medical degree from the National University of Colombia in 1971. He later pursued postgraduate studies in immunology and virology at prestigious institutions, including Yale University and Rockefeller University in the United States. Upon returning to Colombia, he became a professor at the National University and founded the Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), where he conducted most of his research.

Development of the Malaria Vaccine
In 1987, Patarroyo announced the creation of the SPf66 vaccine, the first synthetic vaccine against malaria, a disease that affects millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions. Although the vaccine demonstrated limited efficacy, with protection rates ranging from 30% to 50%, its development marked a significant milestone in combating this disease. In a selfless act, Patarroyo donated the vaccine’s rights to the World Health Organization (WHO) for free distribution.

Awards and Recognitions
Throughout his career, Patarroyo received numerous accolades, including:

• Prince of Asturias Award for Scientific and Technical Research in 1994.
• Robert Koch Award in 1994.
• León Bernard Prize from the WHO.

Controversies and Challenges
Patarroyo’s research was not without controversy. He faced criticism for using Amazonian monkeys in his experiments, sparking debates about scientific ethics and animal welfare. Despite these challenges, he continued working to improve the vaccine and find solutions for other infectious diseases.

Legacy
Manuel Elkin Patarroyo left a lasting legacy in science and medicine, particularly in immunology and the fight against tropical diseases. His dedication and commitment inspired generations of scientists in Colombia and around the world, underscoring the importance of scientific research in advancing public health.

Passing
On January 9, 2025, Patarroyo passed away in Bogotá at the age of 78, leaving an indelible mark on the scientific community and the history of medicine.