Written by :Alejandra Legarda - Journalist

The Oropouche virus has raised concerns in Latin America due to a recent surge in cases, particularly among indigenous populations in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, and Peru. This virus, primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and biting midges, has led to the issuance of an epidemiological alert by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO).

In 2024, Brazil reported the highest number of cases, with over 7,700 people affected and two confirmed deaths, marking a significant change in the virus's lethality, which was not previously considered fatal. Authorities are also investigating cases of vertical transmission (from mother to fetus), which could be linked to congenital defects in newborns.

The situation is especially severe in indigenous and rural areas, where limited access to medical services and environmental factors such as deforestation and climate change have exacerbated the spread of the virus. In Colombia, 87 cases have been confirmed, primarily in the Amazon region, while in Cuba, cases have exceeded 400, severely impacting public health in the country.

This outbreak highlights the urgent need to improve epidemiological surveillance and healthcare responses in the region, as there is no vaccine or specific treatment for the infection. PAHO has urged countries to strengthen their prevention and diagnostic measures to prevent further spread of the virus.