Besides the spread of voter identification laws that disproportionately impact minority voters, these constituents and specially Latinos also face bias in the bureaucracy that implements these laws. 

According to researchers from the American Political Science Review, poll workers are more likely to ask minority voters to show identification and are less willing to answer their questions.

The conclusion came after an experiment in which the researchers sent emails with questions about voting to local election officials using Latino and non-Latino names.

“Latino names received fewer responses than non-Latinos and were more likely to receive vague and uninformative information about identification requirements,” concluded the researchers. “The implicit bias we found in our experiment means that the implementation of voter ID laws can affect minority voters differently from other voters, even if the laws weren’t meant to discriminate.”